Alexander II Free Essay, Term Paper and Book Report
ALEXANDER II [Alexander II] 1818-81, czar of Russia (1855-81), son and successor of Nicholas I . He ascended the throne during the Crimean War (1853-56) and immediately set about negotiating a peace (see Paris, Congress of ). Influenced by Russia's defeat in the war and by peasant unrest Alexander embarked upon a modernization and reform program.
The most important reform was the emancipation of the serfs (1861; see Emancipation, Edict of ). This failed, however, to meet the land needs of the newly freed group and created many new problems.
In 1864, a system of limited local self-government was introduced (see zemstvo ) and the judicial system was partially Westernized. Municipal government was overhauled (1870), universal military training was introduced (1874), and censorship and control over education were temporarily relaxed.
In Poland, Alexander initially adopted a moderate policy, granting the subject nation partial autonomy. When revolt broke out in 1863, however, Alexander reacted with brutal suppression, imposing severe Russification. The Western powers were sharply......
Word Count: 395
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