Historical outline of acids and bases Free Essay, Term Paper and Book Report
Acidic and alkalis are characterised by certain chemical properties. A substance which is acidic has a sour taste, generally corrosive and changes the colour of an indicator. It also reacts with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide and with more reactive metals to produce hydrogen. A number of theories on acids have been developed over a long period of time and will now be described.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
One of the first generalisations about acids came from the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier in 1776. He made a radical prediction that oxygen was the chemical, which gave any compound its acidic nature. This was concluded after discovering that non-metal oxides reacted with water forming acidic solutions. Having demonstrated that oxygen was the principal agent of combustion he named the gas oxygen, meaning 'acid-producer'. His research was mainly restricted to strong acids, especially oxoacids, such as HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. Lavoisier was not aware of hydrohalic acids such as HCl and HBr, which is why he defined acids as containing oxygen. Althou......
Word Count: 932
Page Count: 3.7 (250 words a page / double spaced)
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